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DRINKING HABITS 1939-63
TC 85: 22 boxes
Notes
A collection of surveys on drinking including pre-war and wartime material on juvenile drinking and women in pubs; the big 1947-48 Guinness survey on drinking (including temperance) ; two surveys on the Courage trademark; a survey on drunkenness; 1950s surveys on soft drinks, wine and whisky; Guinness stout surveys from the later 50s; and the 1961 Double Diamond survey
See also the closely related 1947 survey in TC 80: LEISURE and the pub counts in TC 66: TOWN AND DISTRICT SURVEYS
Box 1: Pre-war and Wartime
85/1/A: Reports 1940-42
Ts report: "Pub attendance in Fulham and Worcester August 1939-September 1940"
MoI intelligence report "Public Opinion and the Drink Question in Scotland" 25.9.40
Ts report: "The Pub in Wartime" 1940
Ts report: "Market Town Pub" 5.3.45 (JR)
Ts report: "Towels for Drying Glasses" 1942
Price lists from Victoria Wines, Autumn 1940
Letter from Express Wine Services on a night wine delivery service for bottle parties. 12.8.40
Letter from JS to TH on a projected chapter on pubs in Worktown, 1.7.41
Ms draft of the chapter
85/1/B: Women in pubs
Ts report: "Women in Pubs" 1943
Ts report on female prisoners in Liverpool, prepared for the Central Control Board of the Liquor Traffic, September 1918
85/1/C: Juvenile Drinking 1943
Correspondence between BW and Herbert Jones of the British Temperance League on the setting up of the survey and the publication of the report, March 1943-Feb 1944
Press cuttings on juvenile drinking 1942-43
"Youth and Drink", programme for public meeting, March 1943
Ts memorandum on juvenile drinking and the law, undated
Ms notes on juvenile drinking and the law, undated
85/1/D: Juvenile Drinking 1943
Ts "Investigation into Drinking among Children" results of a questionnaire given to Dagenham schoolchildren by KGF, 24.4.43
Ms response to a similar questionnaire given to children at the Norwich Training College May 1943
Ms children's essays on drinking, May 1943
Ms reports on children and drinking sent in by teachers April-May 1943
Ms children's essays on drinking, May 1943
Ms reports on children and drinking sent in by teachers, April-May 1943
Ts "Report on Juvenile Drinking" 4.5.43. (BW)
Mass-Observation Report on Juvenile Drinking published by the Livesey-Clegg Youth Club, June 1943
85/1/E: Miscellaneous
Ts questionnaire form on drinking and on attitudes to Christian names and surnames May 1946
Ts suggested type of sample for a pub sign survey, undated
Box 2: The 1947-48 Guinness Survey on Drinking Habits
85/2/A: Introductory Material
Ts correspondence between WE Phillips of Guinness and LE on the setting up of the survey, its later use, and possible publication. 17.1.47-13.5.49
Ts notes on the purpose, scope and cost of the survey by TH 7.2.47
Ts report of conversation between TH and Professor Jewkes, economic advisor to Guinness. 18.3.47
Ts "Main Subjects to be Investigated, May-July 1947"
Ts "Saturday Night", report by BW 21.4.47
Ts correspondence between Townely Searle of the Pub Users Protection Society, JS and LE on the use of the society in the survey. 1.4.47-11.12. 47. Includes copy of qq sent to PUPS members and PUPS publications 1946-47
Ts five copies of a drink "directive": instructions to investigators in Blaina, Bolton and Middlesbrough. 25.6.47
Ts summary of drink conference by JS 4.9.47
Ts undated work-in-progress report on the survey
85/2/B: Press Cuttings
Guardian letters on wartime drinking, brewers and barley
"Are Women Drinking Too Much?" Women's Home Companion (USA) Sept 1946
"How to Drink Yourself to Death" Lilliput 1946
Article on the PUPS Morning Advertiser, 20.1.48
Professor Joad on drinking in open spaces, Sunday Dispatch 29.2.48
Morning Advertiser article attacking M-O drink survey 9.8.48
Items on reintroduction of strong beer, May 1947 Daily Telegraph, Daily Mail and News Chronicle
Assorted newspaper cuttings April 47-Dec 48
Ts extract from Bevan's speech 9.2.48 (ML)
Ts extract from Advertisers Weekly 12.2.48 on the advertising of drink
85/2/C: Brewing Industry Publications
Nine copies of the Monthly Bulletin Dec 47-Dec 48
The Licensing World April 1947
Ts The Association of Clubs' Breweries Ltd. Annual Report 1947
Leaflet on rebates, The Yorkshire Clubs' Brewery Ltd
Drink? National Co-operative Men's Guild leaflet: "Should the Co-operative Movement enter the liquor trade?"
Bournemouth Working Men's Club, 1945 Annual Report
Postcard advertising Gordon's Wine Bar, Strand, London WC2
85/2/D: Ms Drink Survey Index 1947-48
Ms list of pubs investigated, distinguishing between public and saloon bars
Ms list of pubs and places investigated with dates and methods used, 1948
85/2/E:
Cash ledger, partially used to record results of the survey
Box 3: Temperance Material
85/3/A: Methodist Publications
Sixteen assorted temperance pamphlets and booklets, collected Oct-Dec 1947
85/3/B: National British Women's Total Abstinence Union
Nine copies of NBWTAU journal, The White Ribbon Jan 47-Jan 48
Six leaflets on the evils of drink aimed at children, by Margaret Baker
Annual Report 1947. Secretary's Report 1947. Programme for Youth Rally 28.4.48
Programme for Annual Public Meeting 27.4.48
Recruiting leaflet
"A Letter to Boys and Girls on leaving School"
"A Matter of Detail", leaflet on the effect of alcohol on the human cell
85/3/C: Temperance Groups
The Temperance Collegiate Association: two leaflets, one an address by Charles Hill, the "Radio Doctor"
The Temperance Council of Christian Churches: four leaflets with cartoons by Fougasse (two written by Charles Hill); two leaflets on the drink problem in 1946 and 1947 respectively
The National Commercial Temperance League: Science Speaks 1947 booklet and one copy of NCTL Outlook
The United Kingdom Alliance: Alliance News, three leaflets, 1947 Annual Report and booklet To Drink or Not to Drink
The Research Student Service (of the United Kingdom Alliance): five leaflets
85/3/D: Temperance Groups
Band of Hope Union: two Annual Reports (1947 & 1948), four leaflets
Independent Order of Rechabites: three booklets, Rechabite Magazine, application form and leaflet on abstinence in wartime. Collected 1948
The British Temperance League: 1947 copy of The Temperance Advocate, one leaflet
Friends Temperance Union: 1947 copy of Friends Temperance Quarterly
The Livesey-Clegg Youth Club, Sheffield: two pamphlets
The Church of England Temperance Society: Annual Reports 1945, 1947
The National United Temperance Council: leaflet opposing alcohol licenses
The London Diocesan Church of England Temperance Society: Drink. A London Survey Basil Nicholson, 1934
I am an Alcoholic. A Newspaper Drunk tells his Story , Wren Books 1948
85/3/E: Interviews and Correspondence
Ms interview with secretary of NBWTAU 22.10.47. (BS)
Ms interview with Robert Taylor, secretary of the Band of Hope (undated)
Ms interview with Dr Edwards, secretary of the Temperance and Welfare Department of the Methodist Church. 23.10.47. (BS)
Ts letter from John Lawson to his daughter listing temperance societies. 24.1.47
Box 4: Pub Counts 1947-48
Counts of men and women in pubs showing age (40+ or 40- ) and class (B, C or D)
85/4/A:
Bolton, April-September 1947 (BL)
85/4/B:
Middlesbrough, April-September 1947 (IP)
85/4/C:
Blaina, April-November 1947 (JG)
Graphs showing pub attendances throughout a week
85/4/D:
Aston, August 1947 (IP)
85/4/E:
York, February-March 1948 (DB)
85/4/F:
Luccombe, April 1947 (TT)
New Earswick, Maxby and Huntingdon, April 1947 (KB)
85/4/G:
Elephant and Castle, June-August 1947 (HPD)
Tottenham, February 1948 (BL)
85/4/H:
Fulham, August 1947-February 1948 (BL, RA, DLC?)
85/4/I:
Bethnal Green, November-December 1947 (RA)
85/4/J:
Ms charts showing totals derived from the counts
Box 5: Drink Timings 1947-48
Charts showing times taken by individual drinkers together with short descriptions of the subjects
85/5/A:
Blaina, Oct-Dec 1947 (JG)
85/5/B:
Aston, August 1947 (IP)
85/5/C:
Middlesbrough, August-December 1947 (IP)
85/5/D:
London (Sloane Square, Notting Hill Gate, Putney, Portobello, Kensington), Dec 1947 (DH, KB, BS)
85/5/E:
Elephant and Castle, July-August 1947 (HPD, BL)
85/5/F:
Fulham, July-Dec 1947 (BL, KB, BS, MLY, AVL, ACH?)
Box 6: Drink Timings 1947-48
85/6/A:
Ashford, July-August 1947 (JG)
85/6/B:
Bolton, September 1947 (BL)
85/6/C:
Bethnal Green, Nov-Dec 1947 (RA)
85/6/D:
Analysis of drink timings, June-Dec 1947 (IEW)
Box 7: Pub Observations 1947-48
85/7/A: Bethnal Green
Ts & ms observations in pubs Jan 47-Jan 48 (JG, RA)
Ts report on loan clubs 18.8.47 (JG)
Ms report on loan clubs 20.8.47 (BL)
Ts gambling informals 22.3.47 (IPG)
Ms gambling observations
85/7/B: Aston and Birmingham
Ms report on drinking and gambling, Aston 21.6.47 (JG)
Ts & ms pub observations dealing with various aspects of drinking in Aston and Birmingham: sexual morality, young people, the influence of football, Aston Labour Club (leaflet included)
Ms report on drink in Aston, March 1948 (BL)
85/7/C: York and Preston
Ms pub observations, York 11.7.47, 28.2.48 and 5.4.48 (DN, DB)
Ms pub observations, Preston 2.3.48 (LB)
85/7/D: Middlesbrough
Ms pub observations June-December 1947 (IP)
Ts diagrams of pubs November 1947 (IP)
Two letters from IP to LE, one on cause of drunkenness, one on Bass shortage. May and June 1948
85/7/E: London
Ts report on London Brewers' Planning Exhibition, Olympia 29.11.47 (MLY). Includes printed programme and leaflet The Licensed House.
Ms reports on drinking and gambling 6.8.47 (JG)
Ts and ms observations, indirects, overheards on London drinking, many dealing with Guiness. March 1947-August 1948. (JG, BW, BS, HPD, AIL?, GST, KB, MLY, RL, DH)
85/7/F: Dagenham, Essex
Ts reports and observations on drinking in Dagenham including material on St. Patrick's Night and the Irish, advertising and the Conservative Club (JG)
85/7/G: Ashford, Kent
Letter from JG to BW on the Alfred Arms pub 22.6.46
Ts and ms-a comprehensive survey of the social life of the Alfred Arms, including counts and timings, busking, reading material, leisure clubs, borrowing and darts. July-October 1947 (JG)
Box 8: Pub Observations 1947-48
85/8/A: Fulham
Ts and ms reports, informal and observations of drinking in Fulham, March-August 1947 (BL, RA, DLC?)
85/8/B: Luccombe
Ts and ms reports and observations of drinking in Luccombe, April and October 1947 (JG and TT)
85/8/C: New Earswick
Ts observations and informal on drink in New Earswick
Includes material on a boxing match, a youth club and gambling. April 1947 (KB)
85/8/D: The George, London E14
Ms charts of drinking habits in The George pub, May-Dec 1947
Correspondence between LE and proprietor Walter Seeley
85/8/E: Panel Special Job: Pub Observation Sept 47-March 48
Two directives on pub observation to the volunteer Panel. Ts and ms replies and observations. Related correspondence: replies and further queries from LE. Panel members include a vicar from Eltham, an army officer in Chislehurst, a Hastings agricultural labourer, a Welsh nurse, a commercial traveller, an undergraduate, an office manager and two civil servants
85/8/F: Pint drinking vs half pint drinking
Ms analysis sheets
Box 9: The Blaina survey 1947-48 (JG)
85/9/A:
Ms and ts reports, observations overheards and informals on a wide range of drink-related topics including: the 'off-licence' chemist; the horses' head custom; ghost story; gambling; unusual drinks; cider drinking; home drinking; distribution, pricing and stouts; 'champion' drinkers; immorality in pubs; books and aids to pubkeepers; effect of cold weather; class factors; bar preferences; women in pubs; pub outings; 'The Experiment' (Guiness drinking); social and living conditions in Blaina; effects of music on drinking; working men's clubs; a 'hot' night club; and the Constitutional Club
Interviews with landlady of the Constitutional Club, superintendent of police and local council chairman
85/9/B:
Ms and ts reports, observations, overheards and informals relating to The Red Lion Hotel, Blaina, including: activities in the pub; kitchen and corridor; timings; ordering; groups; regulars; pub diary; overheard conversations
Plans showing positions of customers at different times of day and night
85/9/C:
Ms and ts reports, observations, overheards and informals on drinking in Blaina, including: conversation between landlords and brewery representative; after-hours drinking; free houses; The Firemans Arms, The Bush Inn, The Navigation Inn, The Royal Exchange, The Queen's Hotel; the 'Christian Commandos'; interviews with two teetotallers, a 'Rechabite' councillor, the Rev. Hughes and the Rev. Philips; press advertisements for Guinness and Webbs
Box 10: Clubs, Restaurants and Home Drinking 1947-48
85/10/A:
Ts off-licence questionnaire
Ts pub observation directive
Ts and ms responses to off-licence qq Fulham, Kensington, Dagenham, Kent. Oct-Nov 1947. (KB, TS, BS, LI)
Ms informals on home drinking, Bolton, Preston, Wigan, Rochdale, Willesden, London
85/10/B:
Ts report on passengers drinking on Paddington to Birmingham train. 21.1.48 (JG)
Ts cafe and restaurant drink directive
Ts and ms observations and informals London, Leamington Spa and Marlborough. February 1948
Restaurant and cafe customer drink count forms
85/10/C: Christmas drinking 1947
Ms observations: Notting Hill Gate (DH)
Rochdale and London (KB)
London (LPS)
Danbury, Essex (BS)
London (BL)
85/10/D: Clubs
Ts interview with secretary of British Legion Club, Leamington Spa 16.2.48 (MLY)
Ts report on the Brevet Flying Club, Mayfair. 9.4.48 (JG)
Ts report on Public Schools Club, Piccadilly 27.7.48 (MLY)
Box 11: Miscellaneous Later Material 1948-49
85/11/A: Lola Meichtry's Report 'Drinking', 1948
Ms letter to LE explaining her background re pubs
Ms 49 page report, 'Drinking':
- Pages 1-11.The treating system. Pub etiquette. The role of women in pubs
- 12-14.The breakdown of the treating system in wartime
- 14-21. The aphrodisiac effect of drink
- 22-25.Prostitution in pubs
- 25-27.Bohemians. The Duke of York, Bloomsbury
- 28-29.Homosexuals. The Marquis of Granby, Soho
- 29-34.Pub migrations
- 35-49.Drinking clubs
- 41-43.Bottle parties
- 45-49.Business conducted in clubs. Arranging an abortion
85/11/B: Correspondence
Ts correspondence between LE and Arthur Seldon of the Advisory and Development Council of the Brewing Industry. April-Sept 49. Includes 'Notes on a Survey of Drinking Habits', 24.5.49, a summary of the 1947-48 surveys
Ts correspondence between LE and George Cooper, owner of a pub and club, on Cooper's notes on pub observation. Feb-April 1948
Ts correspondence between LE and Una M Heler of Rumble, Crowther & Nicholas Ltd, Advertising, on the Drink survey. May-June 1949
Ts letter from LE to Margot Bennett of Lilliput on her article on temperance movements. 24.3.49
Box 12: Licensing Statistics
Ts lists of pubs showing nature of the license (tied house, free house, club etc.) undated
85/12/A:
Licensing statistics, Birmingham (Selly Oak, King's Norton). undated
85/12/B:
Licensing statistics, Birmingham (Handsworth, Lozells, Aston)
85/12/C:
Licensing statistics, Middlesbrough
85/12/D:
Licensing statistics, Bolton
Box 13: Courage Surveys 1949
A survey for Courage on the effectiveness of their trademark, and on trademarks in general
85/13/A:
Ts correspondence between LE, J Leeson of Courage and Milner Gray of the Design Research Unit. December 1948-October 1949
85/13/B:
Ms indirects on the Courage trademark with analysis sheets, London
85/13/C:
Ms indirects and analysis continued
85/13/D:
Ms analysis sheets
Box 14: Drunkenness Survey 1950-51
85/14/A: Bristol 1950-51
Ts general report on drunkenness in Bristol (who gets drunk, where they drink, pubs vs clubs, police attitudes)
Ms interviews with publicans, policemen, bus drivers and conductors, pubgoers, and people living near pubs
85/14/B: Cardiff 1951
Ts correspondence between LE and the Ministry of Labour including unemployment figures for Cardiff. June 1951
Ts general report on Cardiff (same format as for Bristol)
Ms interviews with policemen, bus conductors, publicans, a barmaid, pubgoers, Salvation Army workers, and people who live near pubs
85/14/C: Leicester 1950
Ts general report
Ms interviews with policemen, publicans, pubgoers and a bus conductress
Police Chief Constable's reports on drunkenness and crime statistics 1946-50
85/14/D: Nottingham 1951
Ts general report
Ms interviews with policemen, pubgoers, shop assistants, housewives etc
Newspaper advert for Clubs Brewery
85/14/E: Salford 1951
Ts general report
Ms interviews with policemen, publicans, Salvation Army workers, bus conductors, pubgoers and people living near pubs
85/14/F: Blackpool
Ts and ms, part of an undated report on pubs and drunkenness in Blackpool
Box 15: 1950s Surveys
85/15/A: Carbonated Drinks 1950
Ts 'Carbonated Drinks: A Proposed Enquiry'. July 1950
Ts drafts of questionnaire form
Ts instructions to investigators and questionnaire forms for adults and children
Ts drafts of code lists (showing possible range of replies to qq)
Ms notes on areas investigated
Ms results in the form of quota sheets
Ts 'Carbonated Drinks. Some Notes on a Pilot Enquiry' August 1950
85/15/B: Fruit Squashes 1951
Two surveys of fruit squash drinking, conducted as door-to-door interviews of housewives
Ts instructions to investigators, June 1951
Ts questionnaire draft and two copies of the completed form
Ts code list showing investigators' range of possible answers with codes
Ts list of fruit squash brand names
Ts and ms quota sheets showing results given by individual investigators together with their itineraries and related correspondence
Percentage sheets showing relation between region, age and income
Ms analysis sheets
Ts instructions to investigators for the second survey, July 1951
Investigation cards showing income
Ts code sheets showing possible answers
Ts and ms quota sheets showing results
85/15/C: Wine Cocktails 1953-54
Ts recommendations for the survey from KC Wright of Everetts Advertising Co, 6.10.53
Ts proposals for the survey, 6.10.53
Ts table of results of survey
Ts two letters to Wright from LE, 24.12.53, 29.1.54
85/15/D: Whisky 1957
A survey of attitudes to Scotch whisky
Ts completed questionnaire forms
Sheets of figures, printed on the Powers Machine?
Tabulation sheets showing survey results
85/15/E: Shop Audit Survey 1957
A survey of soft drinks, mustard, baby food and budgerigar seed for the Central Market Research Agency. Only the instructions have been kept
Ts instructions for investigators, Nov 1957
Ts special instructions for investigators
Ts additional instructions
85/15/F: Products Survey 1963
A survey of attitudes to Beechams, Robinsons, Colmans, Gales and Corona
Ts qq forms, Jan-Feb 1963
Box 16: Guinness Surveys 1952-63
85/16/A: Scottish Stout Survey, March-July 1952
A survey of Scottish stout drinking which involved interviewing 1000 Scots. Only the background correspondence and the results have been kept
Ts corresp. between GL Murray and WE Phillips of Guinness and LE, 27.2.52-29.7.52. Includes the following items
- Draft questionnaires for first survey
- List of towns to be investigated
- Table of attitudes to the 'heaviness' of Guinness
- Results of the first survey, 24.4.52
- Tables showing reasons for preferring particular stouts, unpopular qualities of stout etc
- Draft qqs for second survey, May 1952
- Results of a similar survey of Yorkshire and Merseyside, 23.6.52
- Draft notes on comparison between M-O and Bensons survey on Scottish Guinness
National Stout Surveys, 1952-53: Following the Scottish survey Guinness employed M-O to use the same methods nationally. 2000 people were interviewed in two surveys
85/16/B: First National Stout Survey, Oct 1952-Feb 53
Ts correspondence between GL Murray of Guinness and LE, 5.9.52-24.3.52. Includes the following items
- Individual comments on relative merits of stouts, 8.10.52,
- Draft questionnaires, instructions, notes on coding and classifications of stouts
- List of towns where interviews were carried out
- Frequency of drinking of stout drinkers over 70
- Results of the first survey, 2.2.53
85/16/C: Second National Stout Survey, March-June 1953
Ts corresp. between LE and Guinness, includes
- Drafts for second survey questionnaire with codings, March 1953
- Comparison between the Scottish survey and the first national survey, 17.3.53
- List of unclassified brands, 13.4.53
- Guinness label tests, 6.5.53
- Notes on special sampling in Yorkshire, May 1953
The 1955 Guinness Survey: Between July and August 1955, M-O held a series of group meetings in which volunteers were asked to take part in blind tasting of different beers, and were then asked their opinions on different beer advertisements
85/16/D:
Ts correspondence between MT and the volunteers setting up the meetings, and between MT and various off-licenses ordering the beer, August-July 1955
Ts report explaining the object and method of the survey and summarising the meeting of 9.8.55
85/16/E:
Ts transcriptions, taken from tape recordings, of the meetings of 19.7.55 and 26.7.55
85/16/F:
Ts transcriptions of the meetings of 9.8.55, 16.8.55 and 23.8.55
Ms notes from the meetings
85/16/G: The 1958 Guinness Survey
Ts questionnaire coding sheets
Completed questionnaire forms
85/16/H:
Data from the survey in the form of early computer printouts and punch cards
85/16/I: The 1963 National Stout Survey
Ts code sheets and questionnaire forms on stout and 'Black and Tan' drinking
Box 17: Guinness Advertising Ephemera
Booklet, 'A Good Score-Twenty Years of Guinness Advertising', c.1938-49, 12pp. (1949?)
Four stand-up display cards:
- 'Guinness for Strength'-Stonehenge cartoon
- 'My Goodness-My Guinness'-zookeeper and kinkajou (two copies)
- Zookeeper holding animals above head in crowd
One laminated card: 'Guinness and Oysters are Good for You'
Two cards advertising Mackeson's stout
One card advertising Jubilee stout
One card advertising McEwan's
One card advertising Dutton's
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